- Spinal cord injuries
Injury to the spinal cord causes fertility problems in paraplegic and quadriplegic men, although not generally in women. Because of these conditions sperm quantity and quality may be decreased, there may be erection and ejaculation dysfunction, and infections of the reproductive tract may occur.
- Spontaneous abortion
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Spontaneous abortion - A miscarriage or an unintended termination of a pregnancy before the twentieth week.
- STD
Infectious diseases transmitted primarily by sexual contact, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
- Sterility
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Sterility - The total inability to reproduce. Not to be confused with infertility.
- Sterilization
a surgical procedure (such as tubal ligation or vasectomy) designed to produce infertility
- Sterilization reversal
a surgical procedure used to undo a previous sterilization operation and restore fertility
- Stimulation
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Stimulation - Administration of hormones which induce development of multiple ovarian follicles.
- Superovulation
stimulation of multiple ovulation with fertility drugs;
also known as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)
- Surrogate gestational mother
A woman who gestates and carries to term an embryo to which she is not genetically related, with the intention of relinquishing the child at birth.
- Surrogate mother
a woman who becomes artificially inseminated with a man's sperm and carries the pregnancy for an infertile couple (the man being the biological father of the child), with the intention of relinquishing the child at birth.
- Teratozoospermia
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Teratozoospermia - A spermocytogram with less than 40% sperm of normal morphology.
- Test Yolk Buffer
A medium that contain nutrients to extend the sperm's life for shipment. Contains egg yolk.
- Testes
Also known as the testicles, the paired male sex glands in which sperm and the steroid hormone testosterone are produced.
- Testicle
the male gonad; produces sperm and male sex hormones
- Testicles
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Testicles - The two male oval-shaped sexual glands contained in the scrotum beneath the base of the penis. They produce the male hormone testosterone and the male reproductive cells, the sperm.
- Testicular biopsy
The excision of a small sample of testicular tissue for microscopic evaluation to determine sperm production.
- Testicular Failure
Occurs when the testes do not produce a normal number of mature sperm and when the hormones needed for normal sperm production (LH, FSH) are abnormally elevated.
- Testicular Torsion
Condition in which the testicle twists on itself, cutting off its own blood supply; it occurs most commonly in adolescents. Surgical correction is necessary as soon as possible to save the testicle. It is associated with excruciating testicular pain.
- Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone. A steroid hormone, or androgen, produced in the testes that affects sperm production and male sex characteristics.
- TET
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TET(Tubal Embryo Transfer) - A process where a fertilized and divided egg is transferred to the fallopian tubes.
- Thyroid gland
the endocrine gland in the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones, which regulate the body's metabolism
- Tocolytic
A drug that relaxes smooth muscles and therefore interferes with uterine contractions; frequently used to stop premature labor
- Total effective sperm count
an estimate of the number of sperm in an ejaculate capable of fertilization; total sperm count X percent motility X percent forward progressive motility X percent normal morphology
- Translocation
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Translocation - Is a chromosomal abnormality which occurs when chromosomes break and the fragments rejoin to other chromosomes. There are many structurally different types of translocations. There is no loss of genetic material, although the breakpoint can cause disruption of critical gene or juxtapose of two genes to create a fusion gene that induces cancer. In general however, the problem with translocations occurs during meiosis and is manifest as reduction in fertility due to increased risk of producing abnormal gametes.
- Tubal ligation
The sterilization of a woman by surgical excision of a small section of each fallopian tube.
